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尼泊尔和印度的地震和滑坡

2015年4月25日11:56（当地时间），一场7.8级的地震袭击了尼泊尔。

这场毁灭性的地震在尼泊尔造成七千人丧生，其邻国印度也有70多人丧生。

地震的震中位于尼泊尔中心，北纬28度，东经84度。此次地震被描述为80年以来对尼泊尔影响最为严重的灾害，最新报告名单中共有7566起人员伤亡，而受伤人数是它的两倍。超过八百万人受到地震的影响。

死亡人数还在继续增长，救援人员正在仔细检查这片区域偏远乡镇的残骸，有一些乡镇已经全部被山崩掩埋。

尼泊尔的首都加德满都，距离震中80千米远，也遭受了此次灾害影响，至少有一千人受灾。城市中一些具有重大历史意义的地方也因为地震而被损害。加德满都为该地区成千上万名受害者提供避难所，以及应急帐篷和医疗资源。

地震和山崩造成了公路中断，通信线路切断，无法进行通信而且许多地方无法进入，导致求援工作受阻。有些地方只有直升飞机可以到达，而在尼泊尔只有为数不多的飞机可供使用。

与尼泊尔接壤的印度北部也遭受了地震的损害，特别是Bihar和Sikkim州影响尤为严重。目前印度的死亡人数已达78人，大部分人员伤亡发生在Bihar。由于地震后可能出现倒塌，有关当局建议人们避开这片区域的老式建筑。

地震同样还导致珠穆朗玛峰发生雪崩，众多登山者在雪崩时丢失登山工具，造成18人丧生，数百登山者被困山上。该山峰位于尼泊尔东部的喜马拉雅山上，是登山爱好者的胜地。对于被困山上的登山者的救援工作正在进行，截止到目前已有200多人获救。但是仍有许多人失踪，位置不明。

最初的地震发生后，已经出现了超过35次余震，最强烈的是4月26日发生的6.7级余震。它对尼泊尔和印度造成了进一步的损害。国际救援正在前往尼泊尔，包括来自其邻国印度和中国的援助，这两个国家也同样遭受了此次灾害。

预计尼泊尔还需要一个漫长且艰难的恢复过程。

事件类型:地震，滑坡
事件地点:尼泊尔和印度
启动宪章的日期:2015年4月25日
宪章启动时间:11:24:00
宪章启动时区:UTC+02:00
宪章要求者:Disaster Management Support (DMS) Programme Office, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
UNITAR/UNOSAT on behalf of UNICEF
项目经理:NRSC/ISRO

Products

Damage assessment of Tuhure Pasal Area, in the Western Region of Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

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已获得: 03/05/2015

源: GeoEye-1

Damage assessment of West Sundar Bazar Area, in the Western Region of Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

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已获得: 29/04/2015

源: WorldView-1

Damage assessment of Daraudi Valley, in the Western Region of Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

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已获得: 29/04/2015

源: WorldView-1

Before and after earthquake images of Chaku, Sindhupalchowk, Nepal

版权: Landsat 8 data and products © USGS (2015) - All rights reserved
WorldView © DigitalGlobe Inc. 2015
Map produced by University of Tokyo and Asian Institute of Technology

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已获得: Landsat 8: 11/04/2014
WorldView: 03/05/2015

源: Landsat 8 OLI / WorldView

JAXA difference of coherence analysis in Kathmandu and Bhaktapur, with damage assessment

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版权: Data and analysis produced by JAXA

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已获得: 02/05/2015, 21/02/2015 and 04/10/2014

源: ALOS-2 - PALSAR-2

Operative scheme of search and rescue activities of Russian MES constellation (EMERCOM) in Nepal following the earthquake

版权: KARI 2015
Map produced by Research Center for Earth Operative Monitoring (NTs OMZ)

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已获得: 05/05/2015

源: KOMPSAT-3 - AEISS

Kathmandu damage assessment after the earthquake in Nepal

版权: KARI 2015
Map produced by Research Center for Earth Operative Monitoring (NTs OMZ)

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已获得: Pre-disaster: 09/02/2013
Post-disaster: 02/05/2015

源: KOMPSAT-3 - AEISS

Landslide inventory mapping from the British Geological Survey, Durham University and other agencies

版权: WorldView © DigitalGlobe Inc.
UK-DMC2 © DMCii 2015
SPOT © CNES 2015
Pleiades © CNES 2015
RADARSAT-2 Data and Products © MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2015) - All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official trademark of the Canadian Space Agency.
Map produced by British Geological Survey

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源: WorldView / UK-DMC2 / SPOT / Pleiades / RADARSAT-2

Earthquake in Bahunepati, Sindhupalchok

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc. 2015
Map produced by Asian Institute of Technology and University of Tokyo

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已获得: Pre-disaster: 23/10/2013
Post-disaster: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView

Earthquake damage assessment of Sindhulpalchok district, Nepal

版权: Pleiades © CNES 2015 - Distribution: Airbus Defence and Space, all rights reserved
Landsat-8 data and products © USGS (2014) - All rights reserved
Map produced by SERTIT

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已获得: Pleiades-1B: 04/05/2015
Landsat 8: 11/04/2014

源: Pleiades-1B / Landsat 8

Damage assessment of Tikathali VDC, in the Lalitpur District

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by Asian Institute of Technology

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已获得: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView-3

Damage assessment of Imadol VDC, in the Lalitpur District

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by Asian Institute of Technology

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已获得: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView-3

Damage assessment of Gongabu, Dhapasi and Manmaijn VDC, in the Kathmandu District

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by Asian Institute of Technology

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已获得: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView-3

Damage assessment of Muchok area, in the Western Region of Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

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已获得: 29/04/2015

源: WorldView-1

Damage assessment of Hansapur area, in the Western Region of Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

Information about the Product

已获得: 29/04/2015

源: WorldView-1

Landslide inventory mapping from the British Geological Survey

版权: WorldView © DigitalGlobe Inc.
UK-DMC2 © DMCii 2015
SPOT © CNES 2015
Pleiades © CNES 2015
Map produced by British Geological Survey

Information about the Product

源: WorldView / UK-DMC2 / SPOT / Pleiades

Suspected damage to buildings in Hanuman Dhoka Square, Kathmandu

版权: German Aerospace Center (DLR), 2015 Airbus Defence and Space / Infoterra GmbH
Map produced by University of Tokyo and Asian Institute of Technology

Information about the Product

已获得: Pre-disaster: 30/06/2013
Post-disaster: 27/04/2015

源: TerraSAR-X

Houses and roads affected by the landslide in Langtang Village, Nepal

版权: USGS/NASA 2015, all rights reserved
Map produced by University of Tokyo and Asian Institute of Technology

Information about the Product

已获得: Pre-disaster: 04/10/2014
Post-disaster: 30/04/2015

源: Landsat 8 OLI

Preliminary landslide inventory due to the Nepal earthquake

版权: ISRO
Map produced by NRSC

Information about the Product

已获得: CartoSat-1: 02/05/2015
ResourceSat-2: 01/04/2015 and 06/04/2015

源: CartoSat-1 - PAN / ResourceSat-2 - LISS-IV

Preliminary landslide inventory and dammed lakes due to the Nepal earthquake

版权: ISRO
Map produced by NRSC

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已获得: Pre-earthquake: 01/04/2015
Post-earthquake: 30/04/2015

源: ResourceSat-2 - LISS-III and LISS-IV

Landslides in Langtang caused by the Nepal earthquake - Overview Map

版权: BlackBridge AG 2015, all rights reserved
Map produced by DLR/ZKI

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已获得: 01/05/2015

源: RapidEye

Landslide in Langtang Village, Rasuwa, in Nepal

版权: USGS (2015) - All rights reserved
Map produced by University of Tokyo and Asian Institute of Technology

Information about the Product

已获得: Pre-disaster: 04/10/2014
Post-disaster: 30/04/2015

源: Landsat 8 OLI

Damage assessment of Bhaktapur, Kathmandu Valley, in Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

Information about the Product

已获得: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView-3

Damage assessment of Banepa, Kathmandu Valley, in Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

Information about the Product

已获得: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView-3

Damage assessment of Sankhu, Kathmandu Valley, in Nepal

版权: DigitalGlobe Inc.
Map produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

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已获得: 27/04/2015

源: WorldView-3

Kathmandu after the earthquake in Nepal

版权: GeoEye © DigitalGlobe Inc.
CARTOSAT-2B © ISRO
Map produced by Asian Institute of Technology and University of Tokyo

Information about the Product

已获得: GeoEye: 26/01/2010
CARTOSAT-2B: 27/04/2015

源: GeoEye / CARTOSAT-2B

Building damage assessment in Kathmandu after earthquake in Nepal

版权: Pleiades © CNES 2015 - Distribution: Airbus Defence and Space, all rights reserved
CARTOSAT-2 © ISRO
Map produced by NRSC

Information about the Product

已获得: 27/04/2015

源: Pleiades-1B / CARTOSAT-2

Kathmandu after the earthquake in Nepal

版权: JAXA
Map produced by Asian Institute of Technology and University of Tokyo

Information about the Product

已获得: 26/04/2015

源: ALOS-2 PALSAR-2

Report on damage and displaced persons visible in satellite imagery. Kathmandu, Nepal

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版权: CNES 2015 - Distribution: Airbus Defence and Space
Report produced by UNITAR/UNOSAT

Information about the Product

已获得: 27/04/2015

源: Pleiades

Damage assessment map, Kathmandu, Nepal

版权: ISRO
Map produced by NRSC

Information about the Product

已获得: 27/04/2015

源: CARTOSAT

Situation overview map showing spontaneous population gatherings observed on 27/04/2015 in Kathmandu following the earthquake.

版权: CNES 2015 - Distribution: Airbus Defence and Space, all rights reserved
Map produced by SERTIT

Information about the Product

已获得: 27/04/2015

源: Pleiades

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